I Have a Dream (It Feels Like Home) by The City Harmonic free essay sample

The City Harmonic has recently taken the music world by storm with their EP, Introducing. Now theyre ready to do it again with their debut, full-length album, I Have a Dream (It Feels Like Home). This album is uplifting, song after song. Its filled with emotional vocals and meaningful lyrics, from surrendering all to God (Yours) and a plea for lighting the modern Christian on fire (Spark). I Have a Dream feels like a prayer journal; a journal opened for Christians everywhere to learn from and embrace as their own. Prayers of worship (Mountaintop) and remembrance (Holy); prayers from a broken heart to a Sovereign God (Fell Apart) and letters from a zealous man to his fellow Christians (I Have a Dream). Every Christian, whether you have been such for years, or have just discovered the saving grace of Christ, you can relate to the heartfelt lyrics poured into this album. We will write a custom essay sample on I Have a Dream (It Feels Like Home) by The City Harmonic or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Cleverly crafted piano and guitar blend perfectly with lead singer Elias Dummers vocals for a truly spectacular listening experience. And it only calms as you near the end with Benediction, the perfect end to the album, wrapping up the overall theme of the album: Live like you mean it. And sing like youre living for God. I Have a Dream (It Feels Like Home) is available October 18th.

Free Essays on Political Theory Comparison

MASTERWORKS OF POLITICAL THEORY Midterm Essay Niccolo Machiavelli, Martin Luther, Thomas Hobbes, and John Locke were four political theorists who shared a like mind in the need for the foundation of government and the extent to which its power and authority should reach. Furthermore, although they differed in some of the fundamental arguments, they were all in agreement as to the nature of man and his driving need to exist in an ordered and symbiotic society. Different arguments are put forward by the aforementioned theorists as to whether or not this need is born out of necessity, based in religious belief or merely instinctual. As the centuries have passed and monarchies, as well as the Papal state, have matured, history has shown us the different need for new political systems based on the ideology and needs of the times. As in the case of Niccolo Machiavelli, his time period reflected a seemingly unceasing battle with unrest, dissent and disloyalty between the different kingdoms in Italy. Coupled with the ever-growing power of the Papacy, the need for a strong, central government became a necessity in the 16th century. Societal order and loyalty to one monarch were almost non-existent as States were constantly under attack by different factions. These factions, or princes, were looking only to further their own power without regard for those that they meant to rule. In The Prince, Machiavelli stressed the need for order and loyalty, but his arguments were not aimed at the citizens of these lands, but at the monarchy of the time, the de' Medici family. It was his wish to set down a blueprint of how to man age the state efficiently while taking into consideration the nature of man. 2 The common man in 16th century Europe, much like his modern counterpart, was fickle, as well as selfish, and would innately look to those in power to satisfy his own needs. Machiavelli's blueprint for government addressed the issues of bein... Free Essays on Political Theory Comparison Free Essays on Political Theory Comparison MASTERWORKS OF POLITICAL THEORY Midterm Essay Niccolo Machiavelli, Martin Luther, Thomas Hobbes, and John Locke were four political theorists who shared a like mind in the need for the foundation of government and the extent to which its power and authority should reach. Furthermore, although they differed in some of the fundamental arguments, they were all in agreement as to the nature of man and his driving need to exist in an ordered and symbiotic society. Different arguments are put forward by the aforementioned theorists as to whether or not this need is born out of necessity, based in religious belief or merely instinctual. As the centuries have passed and monarchies, as well as the Papal state, have matured, history has shown us the different need for new political systems based on the ideology and needs of the times. As in the case of Niccolo Machiavelli, his time period reflected a seemingly unceasing battle with unrest, dissent and disloyalty between the different kingdoms in Italy. Coupled with the ever-growing power of the Papacy, the need for a strong, central government became a necessity in the 16th century. Societal order and loyalty to one monarch were almost non-existent as States were constantly under attack by different factions. These factions, or princes, were looking only to further their own power without regard for those that they meant to rule. In The Prince, Machiavelli stressed the need for order and loyalty, but his arguments were not aimed at the citizens of these lands, but at the monarchy of the time, the de' Medici family. It was his wish to set down a blueprint of how to man age the state efficiently while taking into consideration the nature of man. 2 The common man in 16th century Europe, much like his modern counterpart, was fickle, as well as selfish, and would innately look to those in power to satisfy his own needs. Machiavelli's blueprint for government addressed the issues of bein...

In Much Ado about Nothing, what is the relationship between female Essay

In Much Ado about Nothing, what is the relationship between female power and language - Essay Example The researcher states that in the play â€Å"Much Ado about Nothing† Shakespeare uses language to bring out the message passed on to the audience. Power of language is used in the comedy. He uses wooing, destroys, and gives bad reputation then he restores honor. Shakespeare also teaches of the social life and structure. He informs us that there is a gap or conflict between women and men. They do not coexist peacefully at all. In the comedy men treat women differently. Women do not have a position in society. This is seen in the part where a man like Don John who deceives a prince in order to defame the honor of a woman. This indicates or shows the problems in the power status and structure of social co-existence. When the relationship of Beatrice and Benedick is put into consideration in â€Å"Much ado† one of the most crucial themes is around gender, roles according to gender and the dissimilarities between women and men. It is sarcastic that a low ranking member of th e society is the one who exposes the bad habit of Don John and his coconspirators (Wick 4). Don John is totally different from his fellow Don Pedro and Claudio, who are very protective male. When they are exposed to Leonato we are able to see the male pride of Conrad and Borachio. Shakespeare is able to bring to us the reality that those men of high status in society, and full of pride are the ones who treat women. Through Shakespeare, it is seen that most people who have bad behavior hide in the dark thinking that what they do can never be discovered. They abuse other people in the name of securing their pride. Shakespeare teaches the audience to criticize the language, role, and even the misuse of the Queen’s English. It is therefore leant that, those who bare false witness intentionally to hurt others end up being unhappy, and end up taking measure that are desperate in order to cover their naked bad behavior. This is a lesson that encourages people to be morally upright, and not use their powers to demean others. Another teaching is of being a hero. Beatrice still marries Claudio after wrongfully being accused of cheating. In another way this can be seen as she did not only do it though love, but to restore honor and faithfulness. This is considered as restoring her social status. Social status is also seen when Benedick has to kill Claudio in order to marry Beatrice. He accepts the challenge so as not to be considered a coward. Women are portrayed accurately in the play. There is the covering of stereotypes of women in the play. All the characters that are female have personalities that are widely varied. This helps to avoid the woman from being too humorous or patronizing. A range of different relationships are formed in the play. All this is due to a variety of social prominence and personalities. The base of this relationship is on sexes that are different. This is male and female. There are also other battles like relationships, conflict and de ceit. Women are seen to be present in all these themes. Many lines are interpreted in diverse ways that show meaning to reflect what is really happening in society. The female characters who are present in the play are Margaret, Hero, Ursula and Beatrice. All of them have personalities that are different. These personalities differ in one way or another. All of these characters that are female and they do not fit in the society of Shakepeare.They are therefore created to add hilarity, contrast or satire. One of them who does not fit and Shakespeare uses her to maximum is Beatrice. In the first scene of the play ,Beatrice is introduced as a woman who is very clever and humorous. She is known to gamble with words in order to prove her point. She is known to be very argumentative

Cause and effect Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 3

Cause and effect - Essay Example Now, that Nancy finds it difficult to walk because of her obesity, her parents intend to sue one of the popular fast food restaurants in town. Parents and not the fast food restaurants are to be blamed for child obesity which makes them sluggish and lowers their self-esteem. Wealth causes parents to be unnecessarily fulfilling towards the demands of their children. In the case under discussion, Nancy’s parents have wealth. According to them, having wealth means one should get all one wishes for. They feel blessed that they are rich and are able to use their money to fulfill every demand of their child. In addition to that, there are several other factors that increase the tendency of rich children to become obese. There are servants to serve them, so they do not have to move much. Moreover, parents remain on work for most of the time. Lack of parental attention causes children to set patterns for themselves, like Nancy did in this case. Obesity is common in rich people because the lifestyle is conducive for that. Later, when they discover that their child is harmed by the junk food consumption, they tend to use their money to sue the fast food restaurant. ... It is the parents that fundamentally set the pattern for their children. Therefore, parents are to be blamed for the unhealthy eating habits of their children. They should not have fulfilled their daughter’s desire for junk food day and night. Instead, they should have inculcated the habit of consuming fresh fruits and vegetables in her. Much of the wrong eating habits of Nancy can be attributed to her parents. What makes it worse is that instead of realizing where the problem roots, the parents decide to sue the fast food restaurant they make a regular customer of. This is a mere wastage of time and money and a very useless way of solving the problem. Obesity lowers an individual’s self-esteem by way of added laziness. Obesity is fundamentally the name of condition in which an individual gains weight without increasing the height. The increase of weight makes the individual sluggish and laggard. In the case under consideration, Nancy can not participate in the marathon race in the school because she is too obese for that. What to talk of running, Nancy can hardly even walk with the speed, energy and agility with which girls of her age normally do. In her home, she keeps sitting on her bed all day long. She does not even bother to make it to the fast food restaurant. Instead, she makes use of the free home delivery service most fast food restaurants provide their customers with. Now, that she weighs 70 kilos in the tenth year of her life, she can not be involved in many physical activities. Her obesity has become her weakness. Her friends make fun of her and call her names. Nancy gets emotionally hurt by such attitude of her class fellows, and prefers to stay alone. Over the years, she has become a loner. She remains alone in

Company Law Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4000 words - 1

Company Law - Essay Example had shares with a nominal value of two hundred and fifty thousand pounds which were divided equally among the four founders. XYZ Ltd. was to own all the copyrights for band’s songs which were given to the company as a consideration for the allotted shares. The four shareholders also were the directors of XYZ Ltd. Employment of Xavier as the managing director of the company followed where he was to receive an annual salary of two hundred and fifty thousand pounds. Distributable yearly profits by the company were to be paid to the shareholders as dividends but the shareholders never received a single payment in dividends. Personal issues arose amongst the band members and this brought about differences between some XYZ Ltd.’s shareholders and directors causing the band members to split and form a new band. XYZ Ltd.’s existence had led to the formation of another company XYZ Concerts Ltd. to manage and run a performance tour that was to be TUVW band in the UK in 201 0. All issued shares of XYZ Concerts Ltd were held by the mother company, XYZ Ltd. The responsibilities of XYZ Concerts Ltd. ... Xavier hired Cold Chocolate PR Consultants to help improve the band’s image in May 2011. This was after Mitt pressed Xavier to improve the bands image before the release of a new album that TUVW was working on. Cold Chocolate PR Consultants spent a hundred thousand pounds for their work and the hired consultants continued working till the end of 2011 even though the bands reputation remained extremely bad and appalling. Xavier employed Yvonne as the production manager in July 2011 and they both subsequently entered into a contract with Jump Records to produce the next five albums for the band. A payment of twenty five thousand pounds was made to XYZ Ltd. by Jump records as an advance to the total payment for the five records. Due to the bad blood between the bad members, the band never met in a single occasion since March of 2011 and two of the band members had already formed another band. In January 2012, XYZ Ltd. was pronounced insolvent though its books of account showed th at the company had been insolvent since the beginning of the previous year, January 2011. At that time, the company owed the shareholders an equivalent of all dividends due to them since its incorporation, The Wyatt Hotel an equivalent of all bills incurred during their UK tour, Cold Chocolate PR Consultants an equivalent of their contracted amount as well as the amount paid by Jump Records as an advance totalling to twenty five thousand pounds. The liquidator deduced that the worth of the company as at January 2012 which was solely in the form of song copyrights was five hundred thousand pounds. Some of the issues arising in this case are discussed hereafter. First and foremost, no dividends were paid to any of the shareholders of XYZ Ltd. since its incorporation in

Factors Influencing Buyer Behaviour in Events

Factors Influencing Buyer Behaviour in Events Event Stakeholder Behaviour Contents (Jump to) Introduction The Context Stakeholder Behaviour Conclusion Bibliography Introduction Wilson (2000) stated that he believes the factors determining buyer behaviour is a proposition that is extremely difficult in that the processes are both complex as well as difficult to understand as a result of the many external influences at work acting upon and affecting the decisions. The purpose of buyer behavioral models is to aid marketers in mapping out the factors and influences that could affect the outcome, and then weighing those factors to assist in the decisions that will result in their favor. Identifying the buying behaviour patterns of both the attendee and the sponsor in the sports sector of the events industry entails considering that such is taking place within a semi controlled environment which in effect aids the sponsor as there are less outside competing influences vying for the attendees attention even though the atmosphere is charged with intense mental and other stimuli. The relationship involved in the setting indicated, sports sector of the events industry, means that the sponsor represents the marketer seeking to influence the outcome with reference to the attendee, to have him or her try, purchase, or consider their offering. In this context, the sponsor is seeking multiple outcomes representing a past, now and future connotation in that the preceding represent either changing an attendees preconceived notions or ideas of his offering, this represents past influences, having the attendee purchase or try the product within the setting at the event, and influ encing the attendee to re-consider their ideas on his offering that could result in trial, consideration, inquiry, trial or purchase after leaving the event. These preceding multiple objectives are valid approaches in that a singular approach, seeking ‘now’ results, overlooks and ignores the other equally important factors that are present in any gathering of distinctly different individuals of varied age groups, experiences, backgrounds and demographics. The opinions expressed by Engel et al (1968) suggest that an advertiser or sponsor should be mindful not to overstate nor understand the attributes, features or other aspects of their offering as this might result in a negative perception when real world circumstances such as actual usage or trail occur. Dubois (2000) reminds us that theorists such as Sigmund Freud have attempted to analyze what might influence individuals studying the psyche as well as subconscious motivations as their means of doing so. The implications of planning for such an event means that sponsors must consider a number of differing and unique aspects in consideration of the circumstantial context in the planning of marketing activities. The Context Buyer behaviour differs from consumer behaviour in that the former is the domain of business and marketing professionals seeking to understand this phenomenon (Schiffman et al, 2000). The Sheth et al (1969) model, which consists of multi variables, attempts to inculcate knowledge concerning a consumer’s purchase along with their behaviour, through the utilization of a transformation process. In this model it shows the stages concerning influences that affect the behaviour process (Sheth et al, 1969): The ‘Significative’ Stage The ‘Symbolic’ Stage, and The ‘Social’ Stage Contained within the preceding stages ‘reference groups’ are mentioned, which Bearden et al (1982) describe as â€Å"†¦ a person or group of people that significantly influences†¦Ã¢â‚¬  the behaviour of an individual. The three types of reference groups described by Bearden et al (1982) are: Information Influences: This type of group seeks out the information by which to make a decision that is reliable. Utilitarian Influences: This group seeks to want to appear like others within the group to either avoid punishments and/or to receive certain benefits. Value-expressive Influences: In this reference group the influenced party accepts the positions and or perceptions of others as a result of the need to belong. The preceding contextual ramifications are factors which need to be considered by sponsors in their more active role in the process as they represent influences upon the attendee. It should be noted that the Sheth et al (1969) model does not predict purchase behaviour; it simply lays out the influences that might affect behaviour that can then be utilized as a frame of reference. The model explains how influence and inputs are evaluated as well as utilized by the buyer as a result of perceptual and learning constructs (Sheth et al, 1969), and then goes on to identify the eventual outcomes and outputs of the process. Marketers utilize buyer behaviour, models, to aid them in arriving at assumptions. The preceding helps them to analyze, understand, evaluate, criticize and monitor a specific market and or product. Chisnal (1994) indicates that there are the following uses for models: That they aid in mapping out the various characteristics that might affect the eventual purchase of an offering in a manner that is more simplified. And that they result in marketing strategies that are more effective as they are developed as a result of outcomes that are likely as predicted from the model. Additionally, Chisnall (1994) indicates that a well-structured and effective model will be: Relevant: In that the model(s) must be applicable to marketing situations that are real. Comprehensible In this instance the models need to be both well constructed as well as clear. Valid This type of model is verifiable in terms of occurrences in the real world. The utilization of multi-variable models refer to the attendee, sponsor aspects as being examined herein as the factors, circumstances and influences acting within and without are more complex as well as include multiple relationships and aspects from behavioral sciences. Said models are more representative concerning the actual characteristics regarding buyer behaviour, however they are not easily analyzed. Inherent in this equation is the consideration of temporal constraints. The situation that considers the buyer behaviour in the sports sector of the events industry that is time dependent. Said events have a time period correlation which represents the length said event shall take place. Fraisse (1963) pointed out that individuals are usually influenced by conditions of situation in making judgments about time. The preceding is important in helping to mold buyer behavior in that studies conducted regarding the influence of varied mood states has shown that it has a factor in the way they estimate the duration of an event as well as their temporal orientation (Hornik, 1981). The further implications of the foregoing presents the opportunity for sponsors to introduce an additional element into the equation to aid in increasing the net effect of their efforts, as well as the other input variables. As all of these factors have differing effects with respect to their input on buyer behavi or, common sense dictates that the utilization of as many non-conflicting elements as possible will thus skew the potential outcome more in one’s favor. Thus, understanding the need to induce a positive and uplifting mood as a factor in buyer behaviour inducement represents an opportunity to increase the net effect of the message, action, influence or course one desires or seeks to obtain as a result. Hornik’s (1981) studies suggested that individuals in a positive mood will more than likely be disposed to be future oriented, whereas individuals in a negative mood will have an orientation more geared to the present, or now. This explains the utilization of bright lights, colors, theme music and a festive atmosphere as important variables. The preceding is the general overall mood present in events conducted in the sports sector as they are seen or perceived as recreational or entertaining, thus striking or establishing a pre-conceived mood expectation that needs to be amplified or at least rise to those expectations in order to maintain the positive future orientation factor. The second time-based research that enters into consideration is called ‘intertemporal choice.’ (Hornik’s, 1984) Hornik (1984) continued his work on temporal studies in another work in this area brought out the fact that in such, intertemoral choice, decisions concerning buying behaviour entail the consideration of costs and benefits that are spread over time. Utilization of presentation, message delivery and the non-complexity of information are important variables to be attended to as part of the planning of marketing activities. Stakeholder Behaviour With the conditional boundaries being understood as occurring in the sports sector of the events industry, the analysis contains a number of constraints which can be adjusted to work in favor of the sponsor, but which work upon the attendee. The proper event, based upon its demographic and other component factors, represents an opportunity for a particular business or corporation to have a forum to reach segments of their demographic profile on a more personal and controlled basis. The event entails a participatory structure whereby the attendee either elects to make an appearance, or is expected to do so by his peers, or other considerations. As the first option is the overwhelming choice, due to the voluntary nature, said attendees are more than likely to be in an anticipatory mode with the expectation of an enjoyable time. With this as the foundational mood sponsors should be more disposed to buying into the circumstances as a platform to reach attendees, who conversely are likely to be in a more receptive mood to influences as a result of the festive occasion, in general. Chisnall (1994) refers to the foregoing, on the part of the attendee, as the importance of social considerations in consumer behaviour. Palmer (1998) as well as Chisnall (1994) refer to the importance of establishing and building customer loyalty as variables in the buying process. The foregoing applicability with respect to sponsors in event marketing is a factor of the manner in which the event is conducted, organized and the interest factor inherent within the event and sporting connection. The loyalty of the attendee can be enhanced by his perception that the sponsor or advertiser support the activity, thus tend to be viewed positively. Today’s general public is aware of corporate participation and support as a result of p ronouncements in the media, as well as comparison with other activities. This awareness represents the opportunity to establish a foundation of loyalty perception that is beneficial. The importance of the social setting is a further positive aspect which influences and impacts upon buyer behaviour, as well as the group associations (Rice, 1997). The relatively ‘captive’ nature of event marketing has its appeal in reaching a defined number of individuals within a context and setting that is conductive to buying behavior as well as one which the marketer has considerable control, and influence, relative to the other participants. Sherif et al (1961) refer to the preceding as involvement as described below: High involvement products set up the parameters for a positive balance in the relationship between the performance outcome and the expectation level(s) Low Involvement products set up or result in a negative relationship correlation between performance and expectations. The preceding implication is that active participation and a level of balanced and believable performance sets the foundation for trust and thus a positive relationship. There is effort on the part of the sponsor to be there through selling means, thus setting up an important component of buyer recognition, and thus influence. Passive advertising or promotional forms entail magazine or print utilizations and thus are not participatory. The distinction is that a specific occurrence, or event, entails the participation of active as well as passive individuals, with the advantage going to the active participants influencing the passive. The attendees represent the passive element and thus the climate for buyer behavior is enhanced as it brings together both elements under conditions that foster more intense involvement and interaction. Conclusion Buying behaviour is a condition that can either be amplified or left at its relative levels based upon the everyday forces, influences and circumstances of and behavioral group. This includes attendees as well as sponsors. The common glue that binds the aforementioned is the relationship between the two parties. They represent passive and active modes, and these forces are consistently present as a condition of life. We are either being influenced, or influencing. The levels and amount of individuals thus affected, is a determinant of the degree of organization as well as purpose and offering. Thus, underwriting events within the sporting sector represents an optimum opportunity to be associated with a captive audience that is coming together for a festive occasion, be this a baseball, football, soccer or basketball game or other competitive endeavor. Such an occasion represents a situation whereby a sponsor’s interest in such an event is heightened as a result of it providing more buying behavioral factors to be brought to bear. This thus creates buying behavior difference on the part of the attendee. Increased buyer behavioral patterns are also present on the attendee side as a result of the same elemental input factors that influence such an event, as described by (Sheth et al, 1969), Bearden et al (1982), and Chisnal (1994) in their mention of ‘significance, symbolic and social stages†, along with influences of an ‘ informational, utilitarian or value-expressive nature, and the mapping out the ‘characteristics useful in developing marketing strategies’, respectively. Bibliography Bearden, W., Etzel, M. J. 1982. Reference Group Influence on Product and Brand Purchase Decisions. Vol. 14, Issue 9, p-184, 09/1982. Journal of Consumer Research Chisnall. Peter. 1994. Consumer Behaviour. McGraw-Hill Book Company, New York, New York. ISBN: 0077076168 Dubois, B. 2000. Understanding the Consumer: A European Perspective. Prentice Hall, New Jersey, the United States. ISBN: 0136163688 Engle, J.F., Kollat, D.T., Blackwell, R.D. 1968. Consumer Behavior. Holt, Rinehart Winston, New York, New York, United States Hornik, Jacob. 1984. Subjective vs. Objective Time Measures: A Note on the Perception of Time in Consumer Behavior. 06/1984, Vol. 11, pp 615-618. Journal of Consumer Research Hornik, Jacob. 1981. Time Cue and Time Perception Effect on Response to Mail Surveys. 05, 1981, Vol. 18, pp 243-249. Journal of Marketing Research Palmer, Adrian. 1998. Principles of Services Marketing. McGraw-Hill, New York, New York, United States. ISBN: 0077097483 Rice, Chris. 1997. Understanding Customers. Butterworth-Heinemann, ISBN: 0750623225 Schiffman, L., Kanuk, L. 2000. Consumer Behavior. Prentice Hall, London, The United Kingdom Sheth, J.N., Howard, J.A.. 1069. The Theory of Buyer Behavior. John Wiley and Sons, New York, New York, United States Sherif, M., Hovland, C. 1961. Social Judgment: Assimilation and Contrast Effects in Communication and Attitude Change. Yale University Press, New Haven, Conn. United States Wilson, D.F. 2000. Why divide consumer and organizational buyer behaviour?. Vol. 34, Issue 7, pp 780-796. European Journal of Marketing

The Body Essay -- Sexuality

The social and cultural conditions in which we live in today continue to perpetuate and maintain the rape culture that pervades our lives, especially for the lives of individual women. As a feminist thinker, Ann Cahill works to change this by challenging current definitions of rape as assault, and addressing questions of why rape exists in the first place, and how we can begin the prevention process. In Cahill’s book, â€Å"Rethinking Rape†, she approaches the subject of rape by analyzing the works of contemporary feminist theorists like Judith Butler, who perceive the female body as a potential site of resistance against gender-based oppression and a â€Å"larger system of sexual domination† (Cahill 32). Although each is addressing very different issues in feminist theory, Cahill does draw upon some of Butler’s ideas about the imitation and performance of gender in Butler’s essay â€Å"Imitation and Gender Insubordination.† Cahill does t his in order to further articulate her critique of â€Å"the body† and the role it plays in the phenomenon of rape â€Å"as an embodied experience of women† at the level of the individual (Cahill 109). There are certain concepts besides the performance of gender that both Authors touch on including â€Å"the body†, heterosexual norms as inhibitions to attaining liberation, the relationship between sexuality and gender, and the problematic nature of social constructs. By comparing and contrasting the works of Cahill and Butler, this paper will explore the importance and complexities of â€Å"the body†, the pivotal role it plays in Cahill’s critique of the phenomenon of rape, and how Butler’s critique of â€Å"coming out of the closet† values the notion of gender â€Å"performativity† more than the notion ofâ€Å"the body† itself. Before de... ... feminine body so we internalize that ideal and subject ourselves to the â€Å"intrusive, expensive, and high maintenance practices in order to be rendered beautiful† (Cahill 155). There are a number of factors that play into the perpetuation of rape culture, the hierarchy of gender, and gender performativity. The one thing they all have in common that is essential to understanding how men have been able to oppress us for so long and continue to oppress us. â€Å"The body† is the one thing that can maintain our inferiority and powerlessness, but it can also be the one thing that can free us from the same system of oppression. Works Cited Butler, Judith. "Imitation and Gender Insubordination." The Second Wave: A Reader in Feminist Theory. Ed. Linda Nicholson. New York: Routledge, 1997. 300-15. Print. Cahill, Ann J. Rethinking Rape. Ithaca: Cornell UP, 2001. Print.

Explore the significance of the past in the play “Long Day’s Journey Into Night” by Eugene O’Neill Essay

At the very start of Long Day’s Journey Into Night, O’Neill sets the scene for the theme of the past being integral to the play directly with the dedication to the love and tenderness of his wife – â€Å"†¦ which gave me the faith in love that enabled me to face my dead at last and write this play – write it with deep pity and understanding and forgiveness for all of the four haunted Tyrones.† This admittance that the play was written as a sort of autobiography, a partial re- telling of O’Neill’s personal history, means that it seems almost intrinsically connected to the past right from the beginning, the intimation from the author being that he wrote it as a form of catharsis in order to deal with the real events from his own life. Consequently the theme of the past is introduced before even the first Act has begun. The idea that he is ‘facing his dead’ is a particularly apt one as at the time of writing the play, the people upon whom its characters are based – O’Neill’s family – had all passed away some years before. His father, mother and elder brother Jamie are all portrayed in the same roles in the play as they had in real life, and with similar histories. The only alteration is that instead of the middle son being named Edmund, O’Neill changes the baby’s name to his own, and calls it Eugene, having the fictional Edmund take the place of himself within the family. The main way in which the characters seem constantly to trap themselves in the past is through their constant blaming of the present upon past events. There is nothing in the present to which they do not attribute any blame, and none of them in any way seem to blame themselves for what has happened to them, preferring instead to blame each other. Consequently none of their conversations can be held without somehow referring to the past, as it is the past upon which they have built their relationships with each other. The relationship between Tyrone and Jamie for example is one in which Jamie blames Tyrone for his miserliness with his money, which he believes is what led to his mother’s addiction to morphine, and her recent unhappiness which caused her to return to the drug. Tyrone blames his son for being an â€Å"evil-minded loafer†, and says thats’notes he is responsible both for making nothing of his own life, and also for leading Edmund astray. In fact, the blame for these character defects does not lie within Tyrone or Jamie as personalities, but rather with the circumstances which caused these traits. For Jamie, his alcoholism and cynicism are largely to do with his discovery of his mother’s drug addiction when he was younger – it is made clear that prior to this discovery, Jamie was talented and enthusiastic, excelling at school and clearly liked by many people. He himself admits that the event had a large bearing on his life in just the same way that he has resorted to alcohol in order to purge himself of the same sort of knowledge about Edmund – â€Å"Christ, I’d never dreamed before that any women but whores took dope! And then this stuff of you getting consumption. It’s got me licked†¦Ã¢â‚¬ . Jamie’s cynicism clearly did not exist before he discovered that his mother used morphine, or at least not to the same degree, the fact that he’d ‘never dreamed’ of the idea effective in suggesting how completely distant it was from his mind – and therefore how different his mind must have been from its present s tate of suspicion. The circumstance precipitating Tyrone’s miserliness were similarly ones which he himself did not contrive – when he was only ten years old, his father abandoned the family and Tyrone was forced to go and find work, living a large part of his life in poverty. It is this which has made him so conservative with his money, and reluctant to expend more than is absolutely necessary, preferring to invest it in property, which he believes is the best way to keep it safe. The power of money over him is made particularly clear when the audience are told that, despite his obvious love of acting, he chose financial success over furthering his career, thereby ruining his chances of achieving his ultimate goals. This culture of blame without moving on from it, or attempting to understand the source of it is one of the key factors in preventing the family from escaping from their past – rather every event in the present is related back to some previous action or accusation, without any hope of ever resolving it. This is encapsulated in Mary’s comment â€Å"It’s wrong to blame your brother. He can’t help being what the past has made him. Any more than your father can. Or you. Or I.† – the idea that the whole family has been moulded by past events and cannots’notes move on from them permeates every conversation, as they each hold the other somehow responsible for what has occurred – and because they believe that they themselves should not be blamed for what they did, none of them will accept their portion of the responsibility, nor learn from what has happened. Throughout the play we see the same basic errors happening time and time again – the nature of the tendency of each character to continually place blame for the present on something which another did in the past means that the occurrences of the past are constantly being bought forward into the present, and because no character will accept their blame, there seems to be no way to move forward into a future which is not largely concerned with what has happened before. What this ultimately leads to is a past which is largely cyclical. As no character will relinquish their grip on the past and what has happened before, by accepting blame from it, or learning from it, the same problems and occurrences repeat themselves. For example, Mary resumes taking her morphine, just as she had done before, and despite seeing the same signs leading up to it as before, the family, with the exception of Jamie, remain blind to it for some time. Tyrone is continually cheated out of money by McGuire, whose questionable skills as a property realtor hardly ever yield any profit to Tyrone himself – and yet he does not learn from his past either, and continues to do the same thing at no gain to himself. Their sheer inability to take anything from the past, or to leave it alone, means that nothing in the play is occurring for the first time – in a way, everything about the present in which the Tyrones are living is also the past. A quote from Mary – â€Å"The past is the present, isn’t it? It’s the future, too†¦Ã¢â‚¬  – is particularly fitting to explain the way in which they are living. The structure of the novel echoes this confusion of times – the play occurs all in the space of one day, and yet it deals with the problems both of the future and of the forty or so years previous. This idea that everything is simply a recurrence of something which has happened before -and what will continue to happen for the rest of time- is analogous to the title, in that everything could simply have happened in one â€Å"Long Day†, with the past, present and future simply merging into one twenty-four hour time periods’notes Living one’s life trapped in a repeating cycle of the past is not particularly conducive to being happy, as there is no real hope to look forward to when you are simply repeating the same things over and over again- as Jamie says, â€Å"†¦ weary roads is right. Get you nowhere fast. That’s where I’ve got-nowhere. Where everyone lands in the end, even if most of the suckers won’t admit it†, and so all of the characters have devised their own way of ‘escaping’, which controls the way in which they act throughout the play. For Jamie, the feeling that he hasn’t actually achieved anything because he has never been able to move on is something that he only finally admits to when drunk, but which reveals the sense of hopelessness he feels from being stuck in a loop. Slightly later in the play he confides to Edmund â€Å"I’d begun to hope, if she’d beaten the game, I could, too†¦Ã¢â‚¬  – his hope that his mother had shrugged off her addiction, and that the future would no longer be a repetition of the past had been very important to him, as it offered a way out. However, that hope disappeared, and he resorted back to his usual escape of drinking alcohol, which is what he does for most of the duration of the play. Tyrone also drinks in order to escape the past, although unlike Jamie he also attempts to escape the repetition of the past by denying the fact that it is being repeated – he refuses to recognise Mary’s symptoms until they are undeniably obvious, preferring to believe her lies rather than admit to what is going on. In that respect, he is unlike Jamie, whose cynicism prevents him from being able to overlook things as he chooses. Mary, however, does not attempt to escape the past in the same way that Jamie and Tyrone do, but prefers, though the use of morphine, to escape the present and return to the happiest phase of her life, during the early years of her marriage to Tyrone and her time at the convent, playing the piano. Reminders of the present, such as her hands, which have become unsightly due to rheumatoid arthritis, appal her, and as the play progresses and the morphine takes her over more and more, she regresses further and further back into the past. Her reaction to this re-living of the past is to attempt to return to her favoured part of it. Edmund’s attempt to escape the past is most notable in that at one point, he actually did succeed – during his time sailing, he says that he â€Å"became drunk withs’notes the beauty and the singing rhythm of it, and for a moment I lost myself – actually lost my life. I was set free!†. The idea that he became ‘drunk’ with it alludes to Tyrone and Jamie’s drunken attempts to escape the past, although where they used alcohol, it seems that he used nature – he continues to refer to other occasions when he has felt free in a similar way, and all of them took place in a natural setting. For an audience, this liberation and sense of the natural world starkly contrasts with the three rooms and claustrophobic conversation in which the play is set, and so it is an excellent way to illustrate the total freedom which Edmund has attained. Edmund attempts to recreate this sensation by trying to express it through the use of poetry – however, he says that he will never truly be able to express it how he would like to, saying that even what he just said was just ‘stammering’. â€Å"Stammering is the native eloquence of us fog people†, is the way in which Edmund describes his inability to describe the feeling – this reference to fog people is particularly interesting as throughout the play, the fog is almost a symbol of the past. As the day wears on, the fog returns to cloud over the landscape around them, and so Mary’s illness returns to cloud over the present and send her further back into the past. This pathetic fallacy of the weather responding to Mary’s haziness in her own mind is also effective in creating the sense of claustrophobia which comes from being trapped in the same circumstances over and over again – just as the fog can be very claustrophobic and hide everything else from view, so the past traps the family in and prevents them from seeing the present clearly. Edmund also suggests in that quote that the whole family are ‘native’ fog people – almost that there is something about the way in which they live which they cannot help, but which they are genetically programmed to do. This is curious because it is perhaps the most impartial opinion expressed by one of the characters, and entirely without blame on any one of them. This perceptiveness of Edmund and the ability to reflect ‘from a distance’ on what is going on is perhaps due to the fact that he is acting as the author’s representation of himself. Another role of the past in the play is that it motivates the creation of an atmosphere of censorship and non-admittance. The audience is slow to find out s’notes about the exact nature of Mary’s illness, for example, because the characters do not want to talk about the worse aspects of what happened before, and so as a topic of conversation it is forbidden by unvoiced consent until eventually Jamie faces up to the fact that she seems to be returning to her old condition. This state of affairs seems to have come about as a form of resistance – as if by not speaking about something, they will somehow avoid it happening again and be able to continue as normal. Similarly Mary and Edmund attempt to pretend, to varying degrees, that his illness is other than it is – Mary by calling it a cold and dismissing it, and Edmund to a lesser extent by calling it Malaria, which is more easily cursed, and continuing to drink as if he were not at risk of damaging his healt h. It is clear that the family refuse to talk about quite a number of incidents and feelings – things which only really come out when they are under the effect of either alcohol or morphine – such as the death of Eugene and Mary’s incident on the dock in her nightgown, because such events unlock emotions and feelings which they have hidden in order to protect each other. Mary doesn’t talk about how she blames Jamie for giving Eugene the measles, or how she blames Edmund for her drug addiction when she is in her right state of mind, because she realises that those aspects of the past are too hurtful. Tyrone attempts to prevent her from continuing to speak of them when she does begin, in case one of the boys should hear. Although the past is virtually all that is discussed, there are certain sections of it which the family attempt to bury behind them. The main occurrence of the play is the return of Mary’s ‘illness’ – her return to taking morphine, and other than this very little else actually physically happens to any of the characters during the play. That her illness is actually characterised by a return to the past is particularly important as regards the past as a theme behind the play. It is quite clear to the audience that what Mary is experiencing – this return to her past – is an actual physical illness, and that something is definitely wrong with her mind. This leads to the consideration that the whole family’s return to the past could also be deemed an ‘illness’, and without the presence of Mary’s actual illness it would not be as easy to see that the frame of mind in which the Tyrones live is somehow unhealthy. Mary’s s’notes regression into her past also serves to reveal a great deal of truths about the other characters in the play and what had happened to them before, as well as a number of the deeper-held secrets which the family usually did not discuss, such as Eugene’s death and where the blame for it lies. That the rest of the family seem ashamed that Mary would make such an accusation and blame it on her mental instability, when they are perfectly happy to blame and accuse each other all the time is rather ironic, and so Mary’s illness serves to highlight the problems with the rest of the family and the way in which they function. In terms of the message of the play, and what the audience take away with them, it seems that the past is also of significance, in that the play is something of a warning as to what the consequences might be if people never moved on. Of course, it is therefore quite appropriate that O’Neill wrote it as a part of his own moving on, and his own way of putting the past behind him. The ending of the play is almost anticlimactic in that it just finishes, with no conclusion or rounding-off of the story – simply that the end of the day has been reached, and this too mirrors the idea that there is no end and therefore no past when the past is relived as if it is the present and the future, too. Of all the themes in the play, the past is by far the most significant of them all, not least because the author wrote it as a semi-autobiographical work. It is the driving force behind the way the characters act, the way they interact and the way in which the atmosphere deteriorates from a rather hopeful one at the beginning of the play into one rather devoid of hope at the end, as the ‘Long Day’s Journey Into Night’ is completed, with Mary fully under the influence of the morphine and the other characters having apparently given up on her salvation and also their own conversation. The feeling of being trapped in the past – what O’Neill was attempting to get rid of by ‘facing his dead’ and writing it all down as a work of fiction – dominates the atmosphere of the play, without which the power of the piece would be lost.

The Hobbit Journal essays

The Hobbit Journal essays There are two reasons I decided to read The Hobbit. One was because it was recommended to me by my sister, who also read this novel when she was my age. She said that its a great book if you enjoy adventures. And adventures are my preferred sort of literature to read. The other reason was it was on the California Standard reading list as well as one of the choices on the book list. As I began to read a few pages of the novel, I have to admit I was not much interested. However as the story progressed, I started to enjoy the book. The first pages of the novel just tell you about hobbits and about Bilbo Baggins relatives. Later on Bilbo is part of an adventure to the misty mountains with Gandalf and 13 other dwarves and has a near fatal encounter with three trolls. This work is written in third person and sound as though it is a story being told aloud. In The Hobbit, the narrator often interrupts himself to make little asides. The narrator usually follows the story through the eyes of the hobbits. This serves as two purposes. One, the hobbit I generally considered to be a representative of the modern world, and two, following the story from the hobbits point of view makes the hobbits the heroes of the book. This way the author shows the importance of ordinary people and what makes them so special. At this point, my favorite character would be Bilbo Baggins because he reminds me the most of me. I, similar to Bilbo, never do anything out of the ordinary and neither am fond of adventures. However, when the opportunity shows up Ill take it. And like Bilbo, change for the better. We are plain and quiet folk and have no use for adventures. Nasty disturbing uncomfortable things make you late for dinner. I cant see what anyone sees in them. I believe this passage is ironic because Bilbo says he hates adventures and he ends up joining Gandalf in an ...

Effects of Global Warming on Penguins Essays

Effects of Global Warming on Penguins Essays Effects of Global Warming on Penguins Essay Effects of Global Warming on Penguins Essay Effects of Global Warming Penguins, Disease, Health Global warming is a very popular topic of conversation worldwide. People have speculated wildly about the causes, effects and solutions. Although global warming does not affect my life now, it is a danger that could impact the lives of my children. Global warming is defined as an increase in the average temperature of the earths atmosphere that is theorized to contribute to climatic change and rising sea levels due to heat trapped by greenhouse gases. Jean Baptiste Joseph Fourier was a French mathematician who came up with the first theory of global warming in 1824 when he discovered that the Earth’s temperature was increasing (NewspaperArchive. com par 3). Fourier argued that â€Å"the Earth’s atmosphere traps  solar radiation  and reflects it back toward the earth† (NewspaperArchive. com par 3). It was later named the greenhouse effect in the late 19th century when Nobel Laureate Svante Arrhenius used the term to â€Å"explain how  carbon dioxide  traps heat in the Earths atmosphere† (NewspaperArchive. om par 4). This theory was later dismissed in favor of Milutin Milankovich’s hypothesis that climate change correlates with orbital changes of the earth, until the 1950s when scientist G. S. Callendar warned that the greenhouse effect was real and significantly impacting Earth’s atmosphere (NewspaperArchive. com par 5). The media speculated in the 20th century about the possible ef fects; some sources predicted the return of the ice age while others wondered about the massive flooding caused by the melting of the ice caps (NewspaperArchive. om par 6). Through reading and basic research I have discovered that global warming negatively impacts several species of penguins, infectious diseases, and public health and mortality rates aggravated by floods, droughts, and heat waves. Juame Forcada and his colleagues from the British Antarctic Survey and Natural Environment Research Council have investigated the effects of climate warming and resulting sea ice reductions on the habitats of Adelie and chinstrap penguins. Forcada et al. 411). Forcada further asserts that new evidence implies that global warming has caused the number of cold years, and consequently heavy winter sea ice, to decrease which harmfully effects â€Å"ice-dependent penguins† (411). Specifically, the populations of Adelie and chinstrap penguins have declined due to breeding failures and dec reasing food supply (419). A study of the breeding performance and diet of chinstrap and Adelie penguins†¦indicated that both species had breeding failures†¦during the most persistent negative anomaly in sea ice extent†¦associated with a reduction in Antarctic krill biomass† (419). Both Adelie and chinstrap penguins are dependent on Antarctic krill as a staple of their diet (Gonzalez et al. 2). Areas where the food supply is dependent on sea ice as a constant feature of the environment indicates that climate warming will result in simultaneous population declines (Forcada et al. 421). Celine Le Bohec from the Departement d’Ecolgie, et Ethologie, at the Institut Pluridisciplinaire Hubert Curien and her colleagues agree that the same adverse effects impact the King penguin population, â€Å"Warm events negatively affect both breeding success and adult survival of this seabird†¦Breeding reveals an immediate response to†¦warm phases of El Nino Southern Oscillation affecting food availability† (Le Bohec et al. 2493). In addition, the king penguins’ survival and breeding success is reduced when the air temperature and sea-surface temperature is high (2495). Finally, Le Bohec concludes that, â€Å"King penguin populations are at heavy extinction risk under the current global warming predictions† (2493). The consequences of global warming heavily affect the marine ecosystem. (Forcada et al. 411). â€Å"Many health outcomes and diseases are sensitive to climate, including†¦infectious diseases† (Patz, Olson 535). According to J. A. Patz and S. H. Olson from the Center for Sustainability and the Global Environment, infectious disease can be transmitted from organism to organism, and one of the most deadly diseases is malaria (Patz, Olson 539, 540). Between 700,000 and 2. 7 million people – mostly children in sub-Saharan Africa – die each year of malaria, and, thanks to climate†¦change†¦there is no evidence that malaria attributable mortality is falling† (540). The transmission of malaria has also been linked with temperature fluctuations in highly endemic areas (540). In Punjab, a region in In dia, extreme rainfall and the humidity that resulted have been accepted for years as major indicators of malaria epidemics (540). Patz claims that â€Å"More recently in the region, the frequency of malaria epidemics was observed to increase approximately five-fold† (545). Andy Haines from the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine concurs with the findings of Patz and Olson: â€Å"Climate change will cause†¦increase in the population at risk in Africa†¦climate change will also lengthen the transmission season in many areas, causing a 16-28% increase in the total number of person-months of exposure† (Haines et al. 590). Public health in many places will be heavily impacted by climate warming. Patz and Olson also discuss the deaths resulting from severe storms, natural disasters, rising sea level and droughts that occur with ever increasing frequency as a result of climate change: â€Å"Floods, droughts, and extreme storms have claimed millions of lives during the recent past, and have adversely affected the lives of many more people† (Patz, Olson 537). Disasters alone have claimed the lives of 123,000 people in the world each year (537). â€Å"Africa suffers the highest rate of disaster-related deaths, even though 80% of the people affected by natural disasters are in Asia† (537). These catastrophes can also cause mental disorders, such as post-traumatic-stress disorder among people depending on the â€Å"unexpectedness of the impact, the intensity of the experience, and the long-term exposure to the visual signs of the disaster† (537). Haines agrees, â€Å"Natural disasters have a variety of health impacts. â€Å"These range from immediate effects of physical injury and morbidity and mortality through potential long lasting effects on mental health† (Haines et al. 588). Additionally, Haines attributes most deaths caused by flooding to an increased drowning risk (588). In 1996, 86 people died from a flood in the town of Biescas in Spain as a consequence of the stream of water and mud that suddenly covered a campsite located near a channelized river† (588). â€Å"Slow-rise river flood events† have also led to fatalities: â€Å"In 1997, river floods in central Europe left of 200,000 people homeless, and more than 100 people were kill ed† (588). Lastly, droughts are a concern both Patz and Haines comment on, â€Å"Droughts may have wide ranging effects on health including on nutrition†¦forest fires causing air pollution† (589). â€Å"That droughts cause famines well recognized†¦. Droughts and other climate extremes†¦have a direct impact on food crops† (Patz, Olson 538). While Patz and Olson admit that the projection of climate change on food production appears to be neutral, â€Å"such change will probably exacerbate regional inequalities in the food supply. As there is a breakdown in sanitation as water resources become depleted, droughts can also increase the incidence of diarrhea and diseases, such as scabies, conjunctivitis, and trachoma† (538). Patz and Haines are also in agreement that heat waves can be deadly. â€Å"Mortality rises in hot weather† (Haines et al. 588). According to Patz, â€Å"In the U. S. A. , heat waves are more deadly than hurricanes, floods, and tornadoes combined† (Patz, Olson 535). In an incredible heat wave that affected much of Europe in 2003, up to 45,000 people were killed in 2 weeks (535). Haines states, â€Å"Impact on mortality occurred in France where it was estimated that 14,800 excess deaths occurred during the first 3 weeks of August 2003†¦the sustained period of extreme high temperatures unique in the recorded history of Paris, together with housing designed for cooler summers, caused a major public health crisis† (Haines et al. 588). Moreover, â€Å"the excess mortality from heatwaves is related to cardiovascular, cerebrovascular, and respiratory causes† (588). Air pollution compounds the effects of warmer weather and could contribute to a greater number of deaths (Patz, Olson 536 and Haines et al. 588). â€Å"It is very likely that climate change will be associated with increase in the frequency of heatwaves† (Haines et al. 588). The occurrence of heat waves, given the effect on health, is something that is not desired. As a result of my research I have learned that global warming is a visible threat to both animals and people. To prevent loss of life and extinction of species, this menace should be addressed and dealt with. Forcada, Jaume, P. N. Trathan, K. Reid, E. J. Murphy, and J. P. Croxall. Contrasting population changes in sympatric penguin species in association with climate warming. Global Change Biology 12. 3 (2006): 411-23. Search Premier. EBSCO. Web. 7 Dec. 2009. Gonzalez, Virginia G. , Rodolfo W. Kinkelin, and Mark Stevens. Ecosystem-Based Management of the Antarctic Krill Fishery to Protect Penguins and Other Krill Predators. Antarctic and Southern Ocean Coalition. ASOC. Web. 7 Dec. 2009. soc. org/. Haines, Andy, R. S. Kovats, D. Campbell-Lendrum, and C. Corvalan. Climate change and human health: Impacts, vulnerability and public health. Public Health 120. 7 (2005): 585-96. Public Health. Elsevier, Inc, July 2006. Web. 7 Dec. 2009. publichealthjrnl. com/home. History of Global Warming. NewspaperArchive. com. Heritage Microfilm, Inc. , 2009. Web. 7 Dec. 2009. newspaperarchive. com/. Le Bohec, Celine, Joel M. Durant, Michel Gauthier-Clerc, Nils C. Stenseth, Young-Hyang Park, Roger Pradel, David Gremillet, Jean-Paul Gendner, and Yvon Le Maho. King penguin population threatened by Southern Ocean warming. PNAS 105. 7 (2008): 2493-497. PNAS. National Academy of Sciences, 19 Feb. 2008. Web. 7 Dec. 2009. pnas. org/. Patz, Jonathan A. , and S. H. Olson. Change and health: global to local influences on disease risk. Annals of Tropical Medicine Parasitology 100. 6 (2006): 535-49. Academic Search Premier. EBSCO. Web. 7 Dec. 2009. http://web. ebscohost. com. libdb. dccc. edu/ehost/search? vid=1hid=111[emailprotected].

A) The definition of purchasing and supply management and the Essay

A) The definition of purchasing and supply management and the importance to the business world - Essay Example All the activities carried out under purchasing and supply management, call for cost-effectiveness. Individuals assigned the tasks of purchasing and supply management have to apply tactics and strategies when selecting suppliers and negotiating prices. This paper provides a discussion of purchasing and supply management. The discussion includes the importance of purchasing and supply to the business world, steps in creating project supply, service, and material budget, selecting suppliers, strategies for negotiating prices and costs of outsourcing. The paper concludes by evaluating organizations that are benchmark in purchasing and supply management. Purchasing entails acquiring goods and services necessary for the organization’s day to day operation or manufacturing of products. Supply management, also referred to as supply chain management is the process employed by organizations with the objective of having a cost-effective and efficient supply chain. In commerce, through purchasing, industries and public corporations procure raw materials, supplies and services. The important processes included in purchasing are identifying the needs, selecting the supplier, negotiating appropriate price, reviewing the terms and conditions, issuing the order or contract, and finally, follow up on the delivery. Basically, purchasing is centered on the task of ensuring that materials or products, which are of right quantity, quality and price are obtained from the selected supplier at the right time and place. Purchasing is done either for resale by retailers and wholesalers or for transformation that is industrial purchasing (Benton, 2 006). A supply chain in most cases comprises five important stages, which are plan, develop, make, deliver and lastly return. In supply chain management, the first stage, known as a plan is to determine how goods and services will satisfy customers’ requirements and needs. Develop, as the

Public speaking class Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Public speaking class - Essay Example The event was organized by a group of young people who had invited a group of professional speakers to come and talk to the young people on various career options. Martin is a senior manager at a law firm and was quite proud of informing us about his position at the start of his speech. He started his speech by joking that the secret to speaking to a multitude of eager minds like his employees is, not letting them know that he is afraid of them. From his introduction, you could tell that this was going to be an interesting speech as most people decided to pocket their phones and pay attention to this new and vibrant speaker. His introduction entailed him giving a brief overview of his success in his career. From his introduction, it was important to note that a key tactic in successful public speaking is to begin on a light note and capture the audience’s attention. He then sank into the content of his speech. He carefully outlined to us how he and decided to pursue his career in n law despite opposition from his parents. Martin informed us that they key to a successful career is having passion from an early stage of development. IT was quite interesting the way he spoke with confidence and expertise in about his career. He was quite eloquent and comprehensible so the audience did not have to struggle to hear him well. This I noted is another tip to quality public speaking, being eloquent and comprehensible. Martin had structured his speech and ordered its delivery using a specific sequence. He started off by introducing us to his career, giving some background information and showing us his progress over the years to his current position in his firm. The speech was ordered in a way that it was easy to follow through in case someone lost attention for a while. This he said was another skill in public speaking. Ensuring that the content you are delivering is well